Solar cell :Grid-connected photovoltaic systems .

Grid-connected photovoltaic systems 

PV-grid connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid and to feed the additional energy back into the grid. The system needs no battery so therefore the system price is very cheap comparing to the other PV systems

As a solution for the depletion of conventional fossil fuel energy sources and serious Environmental problems, focus on the photovoltaic (PV) system has been increasing around the world. In the future, the establishment of utilization technology for stability and reliability of PV systems will take on more significance in this area as high-density grid-connected PV systems will be interconnected with distribution networks

  : Working

A grid-connected solar PV system is easy to understand, it includes several components working together to convert the sun’s energy into electrical power that can be connected to a building’s standard electrical infrastructure and the utility grid

It has no moving parts and requires no user intervention required in the day-to-to-day operation of the system. It is designed for automatic, unattended operation

The solar power system generates electricity in proportion to the amount of sunlight on the solar array. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels are generally fitted on the roof in a northerly direction (east or west is also possible with some trade off’s) and at an angle to maximize the amount of sunlight that hits the panels

When there is adequate sunlight the solar panels will produce Direct Current (DC) energy from the sun. The grid connected inverter converts the DC electricity produced by the solar panels into 240V AC electricity, which can then be used by the property/household

Your home appliances will consume their immediate needs and if a grid connect system is producing more power than is being consumed, the surplus is fed into the mains power grid. Your electricity provider will meter the electricity fed into the grid by your system and provide a credit on your bill

When the solar cells are not producing power, for example at night, your power is supplied by the mains power grid as usual. The energy retailer charges the usual rate for the power used

In normal operation of the inverter a LED light will be on. There will be no LED’s on when the sunlight level is low or at night time. The inverter has a display on the front that shows the operation and output of the PV (photovoltaic) system

In most cases, the grid-connected photovoltaic system will require a transformer to step up the voltage from the solar inverter to be connected to the grid. In some systems, a dc-dc converter is also utilized to step up the voltage from the PV panels